Comments on “The Circulation Associated with a Cold Front. Part I: Dry Case”

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-909
Author(s):  
Kerry A. Emanuel
Keyword(s):  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koon-Shing Kwong ◽  
Yiu-Kuen Tse ◽  
Junxing Chay

AbstractThere are two main equity release plans for retirement financing: reverse mortgage plan and home reversion plan. Both plans entitle the homeowners not only to release cash from their properties but also to allow them living there for life. In the lease buyback scheme (LBS) recently introduced in Singapore, the home owner sells the tail-end of the property lease to the government in exchange for a cash payment upfront. Unlike the two main equity release plans, the LBS only allows the owner to stay in the property for the front part of the lease but not for life. In this paper, we propose a hybrid home equity release plan that incorporates features of the home reversion plan and the LBS. We provide an actuarial framework to analyze the pricing of the hybrid plan, as well as the LBS and home reversion plan. Some numerical illustrations are presented to show the actuarial values of the plan under different choices of plan parameters, such as the lease period and the portion of property value sold. The hybrid plan provides enhanced flexibility to plan takers to meet their retirement needs.


2011 ◽  
Vol 419 (2) ◽  
pp. 1338-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Roediger ◽  
J. A. ZuHone
Keyword(s):  

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (17) ◽  
pp. 6743-6762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Naud ◽  
Derek J. Posselt ◽  
Susan C. van den Heever

Abstract The distribution of cloud and precipitation properties across oceanic extratropical cyclone cold fronts is examined using four years of combined CloudSat radar and CALIPSO lidar retrievals. The global annual mean cloud and precipitation distributions show that low-level clouds are ubiquitous in the postfrontal zone while higher-level cloud frequency and precipitation peak in the warm sector along the surface front. Increases in temperature and moisture within the cold front region are associated with larger high-level but lower mid-/low-level cloud frequencies and precipitation decreases in the cold sector. This behavior seems to be related to a shift from stratiform to convective clouds and precipitation. Stronger ascent in the warm conveyor belt tends to enhance cloudiness and precipitation across the cold front. A strong temperature contrast between the warm and cold sectors also encourages greater post-cold-frontal cloud occurrence. While the seasonal contrasts in environmental temperature, moisture, and ascent strength are enough to explain most of the variations in cloud and precipitation across cold fronts in both hemispheres, they do not fully explain the differences between Northern and Southern Hemisphere cold fronts. These differences are better explained when the impact of the contrast in temperature across the cold front is also considered. In addition, these large-scale parameters do not explain the relatively large frequency in springtime postfrontal precipitation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-906
Author(s):  
Yannik Weber ◽  
Matthias Behrendt ◽  
Tobias Gohlke ◽  
Albert Albers

Preliminary work by the IPEK - Institute of Product Engineering at KIT has shown that the simulated pass-by measurement for exterior noise homologation of vehicles has relevant optimization potential: the measurement can be carried out in smaller halls and with a smaller measurement setup than required by the norm and thus with less construction cost and effort. A prerequisite for this however is the scaling of the entire setup. For the scaling in turn, the sound sources of the vehicle must be combined to a single point sound source - the acoustic centre. Previous approaches for conventional drives assume a static centre in the front part of the vehicle. For complex drive topologies, e.g. hybrid drives, and unsteady driving conditions, however, this assumption is not valid anymore. Therefore, with the help of an acoustic camera, a method for localizing the dominant sound sources of the vehicle and a software-based application for summarizing them to an acoustic centre were developed. The method is able to take into account stationary, unsteady and sudden events in the calculation of the acoustic centre, which is moved as a result. Using substitute sound sources and two vehicles, the method and the used measurement technology were examined and verified for their applicability.


Lire Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-109
Author(s):  
Giyatmi - Giyatmi ◽  
Sihindun Arumi ◽  
Mas Sulis Setiyono

This study aims at describing the process of word-formation used on messaging applications found in the Play Store. This is descriptive qualitative research. The data are messaging applications written in English and in the form of words. To collect the data, the researchers use observation. The analysis data consists of three steps namely data reduction, data display, and verification. There are 56 data found. There are 6 types of word formations; Affixation (4 data), compounding (15 data), blending (4 data), coinage (8 data), clipping (4 data), reduplication (1 data). However, there are 20 messaging applications that cannot be classified into the type of word formation such as Path, Line, Lemon, etc. They are simple words that have already existed in English and have been used in everyday communication. Meanwhile, nowadays they are used as a name of messaging applications and have different meanings as the real meaning. The suffixes used in the affixation process are –er, -ous, -ster. There are 6 formations of compounding used in the messaging application such as N+N, V+V, N+V, V+N, Adv. + Prep. There are 3 ways of blending process such as taking the whole part of the first word and taking the first syllable of the second, taking the first syllable of the first word and taking the whole part of the second word, taking two syllables from the front part of the first word and taking the last syllable of the second word. Coinage consists of the name of the company and the name of the product. There are two types of clipping found namely fore-clipping and back-clipping. Reduplication happens when there is a copying of the partial part of the word. Apparently, there are morphological processes used in life such as word formation to name the messaging application.


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